波黑地名与行政区划

波黑国旗
波黑国旗
波黑国徽
波黑国徽
中文全称:波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那
英文全称:Bosnia and Herzegovina
中文简称:波黑英文简称:BosniaAndHerzegovina
所属洲:欧洲时区:UTC1
人口数量:约461万人国土面积:51129km2
国际区号:+387人口密度:约90人/km2
国家代码:BIH国际域名:ba
官方语言:波斯尼亚语,塞尔维亚语货币:波黑第纳尔
首都:政治体制:直接民主共和制
国庆:10月15日国歌:Intermeco
国花:所处半球:北
与中国关系:1995年4月3日建交

   波黑共和国位于原南斯拉夫中部,介于克罗地亚和塞尔维亚两共和国之间。1945年,南斯拉夫各族人民取得反法西斯战争胜利,成立南斯拉夫联邦人民共和国(1963年改称南斯拉夫社会主义联邦共和国),波黑成为南斯拉夫联邦的一个共和国。首都萨拉热窝。波斯尼亚与黑塞哥维纳在南斯拉夫时期便是联邦内较贫穷的地区之一,独立后又发生了内战,经济受到严重损害。目前波黑经济正在渐渐复苏,同时还要进行从计划经济到市场经济的转型。该国在行政及管理上被分成三个实体,其一为波黑联邦(又称穆克联邦),另一为塞族共和国,再次为布尔奇科特区。
  
  
  波黑共和国位于原南斯拉夫中部,介于克罗地亚和塞尔维亚两共和国之间。面积5.12万平方公里。萨瓦河(多瑙河支流)为波黑北部与克罗地亚的边界。南部在亚得里亚海上有一个20公里长的出海口。海岸线长约25千米。地形以山地为主,平均海拔693米,迪纳拉山脉(也叫“狄那里克阿尔卑斯山脉”)的大部分自西北向东南纵贯全境 ,最高山峰为马格里奇山,海拔2386米。境内多河流,主要有奈雷特瓦河、博斯纳河、德里纳河、乌纳河和伐尔巴斯河。北部为温和的大陆性气候,南部为地中海型气候。
  各资源状况
  矿产资源丰富,主要有煤、铁、铜、锰、铅、汞、银、褐煤、铝矾土、铅锌矿、石棉、岩盐、重晶石等,其中煤炭蕴藏量达38亿吨。图兹拉地区食用盐储量为欧洲之最。波黑拥有丰富的水资源,潜在的水力发电量达170亿千瓦。森林覆盖面积占波黑全境面积的46.6%,其中65%为落叶植物,35%为针叶植物。
  行政区划
  
  
  波黑由两个实体组成,即波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳联邦(中文又称“穆克联邦”)以及塞族共和国。位于东北境的布尔奇科市不属于任何一个实体。
  波黑穆克联邦分为10个州,州下再分市镇:乌纳-萨纳州、波萨维纳州、图兹拉州泽尼察-多博伊州、波斯尼亚-波德里涅州、中波斯尼亚州、黑塞哥维那-涅雷特瓦州、西黑塞哥维纳州、萨拉热窝州、西波斯尼亚州
  波黑塞族共和国分为7个地区,区下再分市镇:巴尼亚卢卡地区、别利那区、多博伊区、索科拉茨区、斯尔比涅区、特雷比涅区、弗拉塞尼察区
  穆克联邦首府为萨拉热窝。塞族共和国法定首府为萨拉热窝,实际首府为巴尼亚卢卡。
  主要城市
  萨拉热窝,波黑的第一大城市,全国的政治、经济和文化的中心,同时也是常驻波黑国际组织的集聚地,有36个国际组织和机构以及非政府组织的代表处集中于此。
  巴尼亚卢卡
  图兹拉
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